Self-interruptions in discretionary multitasking

Human multitasking is often the result of self-init iated interruptions in the performance of an ongoing task. These self-interruptions occur in the absence of external triggers such as electronic alerts or email notifications. Compared to externally induced interruptions, self-interr uptions have not received enough research attention. To address this gap, this paper develops a typology of self-interruptions based on the integration of Flow Theory and Self-regulation Theory . In this new typology, the two major categories stem from positive and negative feelings of task progress and prospects of goal attainment. The proposed classification is validated in an experimental multitasking environmen t with pre-defined tasks. Empirical findings indicate that negat ive feelings trigger more self-interruptions than positive feelings. In general, more self-interr uptions result in lower accuracy in all tasks. The results suggest that negative internal triggers of self-interruptions unleash a downward spiral that may degrade performance. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.